Test Case
A set of conditions and steps used to verify a specific feature or requirement works correctly.
Full definition
A test case is a documented set of preconditions, inputs, actions, expected results, and postconditions that define a single test to verify specific functionality.
Components of a test case:
- ID: Unique identifier (e.g., TC-LOGIN-001)
- Title: Clear description of what's being tested
- Preconditions: What must be true before executing
- Test steps: Numbered sequence of actions
- Test data: Specific inputs to use
- Expected result: What should happen
- Actual result: Filled in during execution
- Status: Pass, Fail, Blocked, Skipped
Good test cases are independent (don't depend on other tests), reusable, and maintainable. They should be written at a level of detail that allows anyone to execute them — not just the person who wrote them.
Test cases are typically organized into test suites — logical groupings by feature, module, or test type.
Interview tip
You'll often be asked to write test cases for a simple feature like a login form or search box. Aim for 10-15 cases covering positive, negative, boundary, and edge cases.